30/05/2020

Thesis Gate:chain of events(論文門大事紀)





















10 November 1982:Rich girl Ing-Wen Tsaiwithdrew from course: "financial difficulties!"——Tsai's LSE student record: (without registration payment!) "Date of approval of Thesis Title: 19/1/83. Date of entry: June 83. Result: Degree Awarded Feb 84".
1982年11月10日,富家女蔡英文因「財務困難」而退出學程——蔡英文的倫敦政經學院學籍卡:(在沒有註冊繳費之下!)「論文題目批准日期:1983年1月19日;登錄日期:1983年6月;授予學位於1984年2月」。
*The original owner of the land and building of Tsai's family was an important official in KMT. Tsai and her father seem to have met Chiang Kai-Shek and Chiang Ching-Kuo.
蔡英文家族土地、建物原所有權人乃國民黨重要官員,而且她和父親似乎曾見過蔣氏父子。



23 May 1983:National Youth Commission sent official documents to National Chengchi University: " Ing-Wen Tsai, a student in the UK" and "Please consider hiring her with high priority!" However, the reply of the National Chengchi University on May 31 showed that there was no available position.——The title of her PhD thesis was written in English in her resume as: "Unfair trade practices and safeguard actions", but her translation of the title into Chinese was: "Unfair competition and Safeguard for Domestic Market"; the time and place of publication were stated as: " It will soon be published in law journals in Taiwan and America."
In a letter dated 1983/02/17 from Tsai's supervisor, a Oxford BCL, he confirmed that Tsai was shortly to submit her thesis for a PhD and that the examination would be held in the Spring.
1983年5月23日,青輔會寫給政大的公文上出現「留英學生蔡英文」、「請惠予優先延攬」等語。但是5月31日政大的回覆顯示沒有職缺——在求職履歷表上所寫的英文博士論文題目為Unfair Trade Practices and Safeguard actions,然而她的中譯卻是「不公平競爭及國內市場之保護」,發表時間及地點則是「即將發表於國內及美國法學雜誌」。
蔡英文指導老師所具備的最高學歷為牛津BCL,他在1983年2月17日的一封信中證明蔡近期就要提交論文、口試將於春天舉行。


June 1983:Tsai submitted her thesis for a PhD.——She had already called herself a PhD in an article published in a journal of National Chengchi University (June 1983).
1983年6月,蔡英文提交博士論文——她在政大期刊(1983年6月出版)的文章中已經自稱為博士!



16 October 1983:Tsai's oral exam (Field of Study:International Trade Law) was conducted on Sunday, and she flew from Taipei to London on October 15, one day before the exam! Two examiners were a Lecturer in Law (Tsai's supervisor) and a Professor of Criminal Law at LSE.——She became an "Adjunct Lecturer" at Soochow University starting from 1 September 1983; her title was changed to "Adjunct Associate Professor" in February 1984 without official degree verification.
1983年10月16日,蔡英文在星期天進行口試(研究領域:國際貿易法),而且她是10月15日、考試的前一天才從台北飛往倫敦!兩位口試委員分別是LSE的法律系講師(蔡的指導老師)和刑法教授——自1983年9月1日,她成為東吳大學的兼任講師;1984年2月,在缺乏正式的學歷驗證下,其頭銜改為「兼任副教授」。
*Tsai said in 2011 that she had 3 committee members in her thesis oral examination: her supervisor, an economist, and a lawyer. Tsai emphasized: "My PhD Oral Exam. was probably the most amazing one in the history of LSE. By the end of it, my committee decided to grant me one-and-a-half PhD's."
蔡英文在2011年曾說她有三位論文口試委員:指導老師、經濟學家、以及律師,並且強調:「這個大概是有史以來倫敦政經學院最令人驚奇的博士論文考試,最後他們決定給我1.5個學位。」



23 January 1984:Two copies of informal certificate for passing the oral examination were sent to Taiwan. The official letter about degree award (8 February 1984) was sent to Tsai's address in Yang-ming-shan. ——Only Photocopy of those pages without handwritten signature were added to Tsai's thesis (2019, E-File) as degree certificate. Moreover, the prosecutor found another official letter with handwritten signature.
1984年1月23日,兩份非正式的口試通過證明寄往台灣;1984年2月8日,學位授予的正式信函被寄往蔡英文陽明山的地址——僅有這些無人親筆簽名的影本被當成學位證明文件,加入了蔡英文2019年的論文電子檔。此外,檢察官後來又找出另一份有人簽名的學位授予通知書。



14 March 1984:Tsai was awarded a doctoral degree certificate from the University of London (with
the signature of Vice-Chancellor: Randolph Quirk). But it was lost.——The 2019 LSE's photocopy of Tsai's certificate without certified stamp.
1984年3月14日,蔡英文獲頒倫敦大學的博士學位證書(副校長Randolph Quirk簽發),但已遺失——2019年LSE提供的證書影本上沒有校方認證章。
*LSE began awarding its own degrees in 2008.
倫敦政經學院於 2008 年才開始自行授予學位。



8 December 1984:The National Chengchi University was offering Tsai a position of full-time Visiting Associate Professor. Some materials were sent to the Ministry of Education for Teacher Qualifications Accreditation, "3 PhD theses" included. ——Only three journal articles〔1983.06、1983.12、1984.06〕were listed in NCCU's "application form for recruiting new faculty" and Tsai called herself a doctor in all articles. In addition, Tsai filled out the resume with two journal articles and a PhD thesis, but the title is actually the title of "PART TWO" in her thesis, and the University had verified the contents of the resume at that time.
1984年12月8日,政大為蔡英文提供專任的客座副教授職位,送給教育部進行教師資格審查的那些資料中包括「博士論文3冊」——政大的「提請新聘教師單」中,僅見蔡英文自稱博士的三篇期刊文章(1983.06、1983.12、1984.06);此外,在蔡英文填寫的履歷表上,則是兩篇期刊文章加上博士論文,不過題目竟是論文「第二部」的標題,而且校方當時已核實過履歷表的內容。


1984、1987:Two letter from the University of London: Tsai's doctoral qualification is true. ——The first letter should have been signed by the same person whose name was typescribed, but it was signed by someone else as an agent who signed the second letter too. The second letter emphasized: "It is not possible to issue detailed information of Mr Tsai's PhD since it was awarded after a course of research and submission of a thesis title." The Ministry of Examination asked the Ministry of Education to confirm the nature of credentials, admission qualification, duration of study, major coursework and the School registration status, though. The ROC government's office in the UK sent always handwritten official correspondences from anonymous outposted officers to the Ministry of Education.
1984、1987年的兩封倫敦大學回函:蔡英文的博士資格屬實——第一封信原本應由打字署名者簽發,卻由他人代理簽字;第二封信也是由後者簽發,其中強調:「由於蔡先生的博士學位是在經過研究和繳交論文題目後授予的,因此不可能公布其詳細資訊。」雖然,考選部要求教育部確認:證件性質、入學資格、修業年限、主修課程、學校立案情形。而中華民國政府駐英機構寄給教育部的全是由未具名的外館人員手寫的公函。


1985:The title of Tsai's thesis appeared in "Legal Research in the United Kingdom 1905-1984" (IALS publication). It is written in the foreword: "particularly of the date of award which may be inaccurate!" ——Tsai's different titles (1981-1984) appeared in "List of Current Legal Research Topics" (IALS publication, every February). According to additional fact-checking, at least one of her PhD classmates on this list only got a LLM degree.
1985年,蔡英文的論文題目出現在《英國法律研究1905-1984》(IALS出版品)。前言中寫道:「特別是授予日期可能不準確!」——蔡英文不同的題目(1981-1984)出現在《當前法律研究主題列表》(每年二月的IALS出版品);根據額外的事實查證,表上的同期博士班學生至少有一位最後只取得碩士學位。


28 October 1985:The Ministry of Education approved Tsai's qualifications as an Associate Professor. The Certificate was sent on January 15, 1986, and she became a full-time teacher in the National Chengchi University starting August 1, 1986. However, only an Associate Professor Certificate from 1990 was found in the prosecutor's file.——The National Chengchi University appointed Tsai as a Professor on August 1, 1990, and then applied for Teacher Qualifications Accreditation on August 28. The Ministry of Education approved Tsai's qualifications as a Professor on February 22, 1991.
1985年10月28日,教育部審議通過蔡英文的副教授資格。證書於1986年1月15日發出,於是蔡英文自這年的8月1日起成為政大專任教師。不過,檢方卷證中只見1990年版的副教授證書——1990年8月1日,政大聘任蔡英文為教授,然後於8月28日申請教師資格審查;教育部則是在1991年2月22日才審議通過。


1986:Tsai began to participate in international negotiation
for the government and worked part-time in several law firms.——In 1987, she was registered as a lawyer in New York State without a PhD in her title, and only "Cornell University" was listed in her academic qualification. In 1996, she was qualified as a lawyer in Taiwan through a special recognition process.
1986年,蔡英文開始參與政府的國際談判事務,而且先後在幾家律師事務所兼職——她在1987年登錄為紐約州的律師,沒有冠上博士頭銜,學歷欄位中只寫著「康乃爾大學」。1996年,她透過特殊的檢覈方式取得台灣的律師資格。


1987:Tsai let a student to cite her thesis that she submitted for the Degree of PhD (1983, not 1984) for the first time.——She published some papers in Chinese academic journals between 1983 and 1986. Their content is very similar to this English thesis that Tsai self did not cite and that was first published in 2019.
1987年,蔡英文首次讓一位學生引用她提交的博士論文(1983年版,而非1984)——她在1983-1986年間發表數篇中文學刊文章,內容和這份她自己都沒有引用過、於2019年首度公開的英文論文非常類似。
















 




2000:Tsai stopped teaching at the university, and worked as the Minister of Mainland Affairs Council (2000.05-2004.05), Legislator elected through proportional representation ballots (2004.12-2006.01), Vice Premier of Executive Yuan (2006.01-2007.05), Chairman of the Democratic Progressive Party (2008.05-2012.01, 2014.05-2018.11, 2020.05-), was a candidate for the Mayor of New Taipei City (2010) and for the ROC President (2012).——She was elected in 2016 for the first time as the President.
2000年,蔡英文停止在大學教書,先後擔任陸委會主委(2000.05-2004.05)、不分區立委(2004.12-2006.01)、行政院副院長(2006.01-2007.05)、民進黨主席(2008.05-2012.01、2014.05-2018.11、2020.05-),並且是新北市長(2010)與總統(2012)的候選人——她在2016年首次贏得總統大選。


2007:£480,405.71 (about 1 million US$) from an anonymous donor to Dr. Fang-long Shih (Co-Director of the Taiwan Research Program at LSE).——A plan for 7 years! She is suspected of playing a role in this scandal.
2007年,48萬多英鎊(大約100萬美元)的匿名捐款指名贊助施芳瓏博士(LSE台灣研究計畫協同負責人)——計畫為期7年!她被懷疑介入此醜聞。


2009:The first bibliography about Tsai's Thesis "Unfair Trade Practices and Safeguard Actions" (1984!) appeared in the USA.——ProQuest issued a response (9 October 2019): "We received a number of submissions from the UK in 2009 as part of a special programming event. The full text in any format for this publication was never received."
2009年,蔡英文的論文《不公平貿易與防衛機制》書目(1984!)首次出現在美國——ProQuest學術資料庫回應(2019年10月9日):「我們在2009年從英國的一項特殊計畫中收到一些資料,從未收到該出版物任何形式的全文。」


2010:Tsai obtained a replacement certificate (with
the signature of Vice-Chancellor: Graeme Davies) for the first time. However, there is now only a photocopy of that document which does not have the steel stamp mark and the certified stamp of the University of London. The Embassy in London seemed to use a special verification stamp for authenticating a photocopy as conforming to the original copy.——In contrast to Tsai's claim in 2019, she participated in election campaigns many times, and the degree certificate was checked only in this year by Central Election Commission.
2010年,蔡英文首次取得補發的證書(副校長Graeme Davies簽發),但是目前只剩一份不見鋼印痕跡、也沒有倫敦大學認證章的影本。針對正副本相符的驗證,倫敦外館似乎使用了特殊的驗證章——和蔡英文2019年說法不同的是,她前後參選多次,只有這一年被中選會檢查學位證書。


2011 (from March to June):Tsai said (more than once!) that her doctoral thesis was titled "Safeguarding Domestic Market (in a Changing World) ". It was changed in her autobiography (25 October 2011) to "Unfair Trade Practices and Safeguard for Domestic Market (in a Changing World) ". ——In 2019, she claimed that her thesis was entitled "Unfair Trade Practices and Safeguard Actions". The words "Safeguarding Domestic Market" appeared in two documents in 1983.
2010年3-6月,蔡英文(不只一次!)說她的博士論文題目是「(在快速變遷世界中)防衛國內市場」。在她的自傳(2011年10月25日出版)中卻被改為「(快速變遷世界中的)不公平貿易措施及國內市場的防衛機制」——2019年,她公布的論文題目是「不公平貿易與防衛機制」。至於「國內市場之保護」這幾個字,則是出現在1983年的兩份資料中。


June 2011:Tsai visited LSE Acting Director Judith Rees, former director Anthony Giddens, and Professor David Held in June 2011.——Aber Tsai failed in her thesis submission.
2011年6月,蔡英文拜訪LSE代理院長瑞斯、前院長紀登斯、以及海爾德教授——但是她補送論文失敗。
*Please search: LSE–Gaddafi affair!
請搜尋:LSE格達費醜聞!



25 October 2011:Photo caption in Tsai's autobiography: "My Sister specially flew to Britain to keep me company during my PhD oral exam period.——They wore summer clothes (The average temperature in London is below 20°C in October), and the church in the background seems to be in Boston. Now, the photo caption in the e-book has been changed to "A photo with my eldest sister Ing-Ling Tsai".
2011年10月25日,蔡英文自傳中的照片圖說:「博士論文口試,姐姐特地飛來英國陪我」——她們穿的是夏季服裝(十月倫敦的平均溫度不到20°C),而且背景的教堂似乎位在波士頓。如今電子書中的圖說已改為「我與大姊蔡英玲合影」。


19 June 2015:Tsai's doctoral thesis could not be found in the University of London's Senate House Library, LSE Library, and British Library.——British Library issued a response (18 July 2019): "We…can confirm that we hold a record in EThOS of the thesis but not the full file. The record was added in June 2015 by a member of staff in response to a user's speculative request for the thesis." There was no abstract in the record, and the name of Tsai's supervisor was not available.
2015年6月19日,在倫敦大學總圖、LSE圖書館和大英圖書館都找不到蔡英文的博士論文——大英圖書館回應(2019年7月18日):「我們……可以確認我們於電子論文在線服務系統EThOS中有此論文的記錄,但沒有完整檔案。此記錄是在2015年6月由工作人員添加的,以回應用戶對此論文的探求。」登錄資料中缺乏論文摘要,指導者也姓名不詳。


2015:Tsai obtained a replacement certificate (with the signature of Vice-Chancellor: Adrian Smith) again, with a steel stamp mark. She also obtained a certification by the Transcripts Office of the University of London.——Former President Shui-Bian Chen said that this was achieved with the help of the former LSE Director Anthony Giddens.
2015年,蔡英文再次取得補發的證書(副校長Adrian Smith簽發);除了蓋有鋼印,還附上倫敦大學成績室主管的認證——前總統陳水扁說,這是在LSE前院長紀登斯的協助下取得的。







 










04 June 2019:A Library Assistant at LSE confirmed: "Dr. Tsai's thesis is unavailable I'm afraid. LSE Library has never had a copy of this thesis.…Unfortunately Senate House apparently never received a copy and the IALS are unable to find their copy."——Dissertations of graduating students were required to be submitted to the University of London's Senate House and IALS libraries.
2019年6月4日,LSE的圖書館助理確認:「很抱歉,蔡博士的論文
是無法取得的。LSE圖書館從未有過該論文……遺憾的是,總圖顯然從未收到過,而且高等法律研究所也找不到他們的。」——當年畢業生的論文必須提交給倫敦大學總圖和高等法律研究所圖書館。
*    Hypothesis!
此處假設蔡英文為博士!


28 June 2019:A photocopy of Tsai's thesis (1983!) was submitted to the Women's Library at LSE, and presented as her "personal copy of the original thesis".
2019年6月28日,蔡英文的論文(1983!)影本提交給LSE的婦女圖書館,被當成是「原始論文的個人副本」。


19 July 2019:Some documents were publicly displayed by the Ministry of Education, but they did not include: photocopy of certificate (1984, PhD), List of works for Accreditation (3 PhD theses) and inside pages of Chinese Journals (June and December 1983, with the author's title "Dr. Ing-Wen Tsai"). Important archives about Tsai's academic career (1983-2000) are not visible before the end of year 2049.——On January 17, 2020, the Ministry of Education dismissed an administrative appeal and clearly refused to provide Tsai's materials for Teacher Qualifications Accreditation.
2019年7月19日,若干文件被教育部公開,但是未包括:證書影本(1984,博士)、送審著作清單(博士論文3冊)、中文期刊內頁(1983年6月和12月,作者被標注為「蔡英文博士」)。2049年底之前,無法查看蔡英文學術生涯(1983-2000)的重要檔案——教育部在2020年1月17日駁回行政訴願,明確拒絕提供蔡英文的送審資料。


29 August 2019:Prof. De-fen Ho released Dr. Hwan C. Lin's report: "Can One Earn a PhD from LSE without a Thesis?: The Bizarre Story of President Tsai".——In list of 107 PhD graduates (LSE in the 1983/4 academic year) only the theses of Tsai and another woman (degree was revoked!) are unavailable.
2019年8月29日,賀德芬教授公布林環牆博士的「獨立調查報告:蔡英文博士論文與証書的真偽」——(LSE於1983 / 84學年度)107位博士畢業生名單中,僅蔡英文和另一位女子(學位已被註銷!)的論文無法取得。
*英文標題譯為「沒有論文就可以從LSE獲得博士學位嗎?蔡總統的離奇故事」。


4 September 2019:President Tsai filed a lawsuit against two professors (Ho / Lin) in LSE thesis controversy. Tsai's student record and certificate (photocopy from LSE, without official stamp!) were announced.——University of London's official website clearly states: "Only one degree certificate is issued to each student and we do not hold copies, therefore you will need to provide a photocopy of your certificate, which we can certify."
2019年9月4日,蔡總統在LSE論文爭議中,對(賀、林)兩位教授提起訴訟。蔡英文的學籍卡與證書(來自LSE的影本,無公章!)被公開——倫敦大學官網明確指出如何申請學位證書的認證影本:「每位學生只能獲得一張學位證書,我們不持有副本,所以若需要影本認證,必須本人提供影本以供認證。」


19 September 2019:President Tsai filed a lawsuit against YouTube-Talkshow host Dr. Dennis Peng (former Director of the Graduate Institute of Journalism, National Taiwan University / representative of "Economic and Political Media").
2019年9月19日,蔡總統對YouTube談話性節目主持人彭文正博士(前台大新聞研究所所長/政經傳媒負責人)提起訴訟。


23 September 2019:The Presidential Office held a press conference to illustrate the information about Tsai's time as a student. Unbound original thesis was publicly displayed. Soon after, Tsai successfully placed her 1983 thesis (E-File) as the thesis for her 1984 doctoral degree in the Nationalbibliothek in Taiwan.——An author's statement and two supporting documents (without signature!) were added to her thesis.
2019年9月23日,總統府召開記者會,用圖表解說蔡英文的求學歷程,未裝訂的論文原稿被公開展示。不久之後,蔡英文把她1983年的論文(電子檔)當成她於1984 獲得博士學位的論文,成功放入台灣的國家圖書館——一份作者聲明和兩份證明文件(無人簽名!)被加入其論文內。


8 October 2019:"The LSE Statement on PhD of Dr Tsai Ing-wen" (LSE's official website: in the press) was released : "We can be clear the records of LSE and of the University of London - the degree awarding body at the time - confirm that Dr Tsai was correctly awarded a PhD in Law in 1984. …The Senate House Library records confirm that a copy was received and sent by them to the Institute for Advanced Legal Studies (IALS) "——Was this statement really from an LSE spokesperson, like Fang-long Shih said? It is odd that there were only 4 articles on the "in the press" page! The correct name for IALS should be "Institute of Advanced Legal Studies", not "Institute for" (a common mistake on Shih's Facebook page).
2019年10月8日,(LSE官網in the press區)「LSE關於蔡英文博士學位的聲明」:「根據當時學位授予機構LSE和倫敦大學的記錄,我們可以清楚確認蔡博士於1984年被正確授予法學博士學位……總圖的記錄證實,他們曾收到一本論文,並送至高等法律研究所。」——這份聲明是否真的如施芳瓏所言,出自LSE發言人?令人訝異的是,in the press區總共只有4篇文章!高等法律研究所的正確名稱應為 Institute of Advanced Legal Studies,而非Institute for(施芳瓏臉書中常見的錯誤)!


9 October 2019:Senate House Library issued a response: 1. "It would seem from our card catalogue records that Senate House Library never received the original copies of this thesis from the External Examiners." 2. "Later records indicate that a third copy was sent to Senate House Library in 2011 (not 1984!) and this was then sent on to IALS. However, it would appear that since then IALS have confirmed that they no longer have this copy." ——Nevertheless, the University of London has told ICO that it holds a copy of the examination report for the thesis and the thesis copyright submission form and deemed that the original copy in the library was lost or mis-shelved.
2019年10月9日,倫敦大學總圖發表回應:1. 「從我們的卡片書目紀錄來看,似乎總圖未曾從校外的口試委員們收到此論文的原始副本。」2.「後來的記錄表明,第三份副本於2011年(並非1984年!)送到總圖,然後送到高等法律研究所。但是高等法律研究所之後已確認不再保有此一副本。」——儘管如此,倫敦大學仍向英國資訊專員辦公室表示,校方持有一份論文審查報告和論文版權提交表,並且認為圖書館的原件是被丟失或錯置。


28 November 2019:None of Scholars who vouch for Tsai attend the public hearing about "thesis gate". Dr. Yen Chen-shen said that he found 444 spelling mistakes in Tsai's thesis.——Most of the media only reported this point, and did not mention other important doubts. At the second public hearing about "thesis gate" on April 30, 2021, the Ministry of Education and the Nationalbibliothek re-explained the certification process for approving the qualifications of associate professors (1984) and for publishing the E-File of thesis (2019); this is equivalent to officially admitting that Tsai was a special case. The website of the Legislativ-Yuan's "Public Hearing Report" did not release to the public the meeting transcripts of these two hearings.
2019年11月28日,在關於「論文門」的公聽會上,並無替蔡英文擔保的學者出席。嚴震生博士說他發現蔡英文的論文中有444個錯字——大多數的媒體只報導了這一點,並未提及其他重要疑點。在2021年4月30日的第二次「論文門」公聽會上,教育部和國家圖書館針對副教授資格(1984)和論文電子檔(2019)的認證程序重新進行說明,等於正式承認蔡英文為特例。立法院「公聽會報告」的網頁並未向大眾公布這兩次公聽會的記錄。


11 January 2020:President Tsai won more than 8 million votes (57 percent of the vote). LSE's official website (January 15, News): "Former LSE PhD Law student Dr Tsai Ing-wen was re-elected for a second term as the President of Taiwan……."—— Film on YouTube: "Mass fraud in Taiwan's 2020 election"
2020年1月11日,蔡英文總統贏得800多萬票(得票率57%)。LSE官網(1月15日新聞):「前LSE法學博士生蔡英文博士再度當選台灣總統……」——YouTube影片:「台灣2020大選的大規模舞弊」
*Really?
不明真偽!




27 December 2020:"Yazhou Zhoukan": The origin of Taiwan "Electoral Dictatorship", the phenomenon of DPP "New Authoritarianism"——The SOPA 2021 Awards Winners List: "It's not difficult to go after an authoritarian state everyone hates but it takes insight and courage to criticize a democracy everyone loves."
2020年12月27日,《亞洲週刊》發表文章「台灣民選獨裁幕後 綠營新威權主義現象」——亞洲出版業協會2021年獲獎名單:「追討一個大家厭惡的專制國家並不難,但是批評一個為人所喜的民主政權則需要洞見和勇氣。」





(to be continued)

Contents and References(目錄及參考資料)

  Thesis Gate:chain of events(論文門大事紀) Thesis Gate:Material Evidences(論文門重要證據) Thesis Gate:Special Reports (論文門專題報導) A ...